Systematic Identification of Soil Grouping According to the TTC Standard
Hadi Shahir, Ali Ghassemi, Davoud Kalantar
In the proceedings of: GeoManitoba 2025: 78th Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 9th Canadian Permafrost ConferenceSession: Professional Practice & Risk
ABSTRACT: The TTC Geotechnical Standard divides Toronto’s glacial and interglacial deposits into nine soil groups. Each group is defined by upper and lower particle size distribution (PSD) curves and Atterberg limit thresholds. However, due to overlapping envelopes, a single sample can match more than one group, leading to inconsistent classifications among specialists. To eliminate this ambiguity and support automated spreadsheet tools, a clear, rule-based procedure is needed. This paper proposes a systematic method for selecting the optimal group, aiming to improve the consistency and reliability of soil group assignments by identifying the key parameters that influence classification and introducing modified coefficients of uniformity and curvature as quantitative indices. Using a database of approximately 600 soil samples, the proposed methodology achieved a 97% match rate across all TTC groups. TTC groupings were also linked to approximate USCS symbols by classifying the database samples under the USCS system.
RÉSUMÉ: La norme géotechnique de la TTC divise les dépôts glaciaires et interglaciaires de Toronto en neuf groupes de sols, définis par des courbes granulométriques (PSD) et des seuils des limites d’Atterberg. Toutefois, en raison du chevauchement des enveloppes, un échantillon peut correspondre à plusieurs groupes, entraînant des classifications incohérentes. Cet article propose une approche systématique pour sélectionner le groupe optimal, en identifiant les paramètres clés de la classification et en introduisant des coefficients modifiés d’uniformité et de courbure. À partir d’une base de données d’environ 600 échantillons, la méthode atteint un taux de correspondance de 97% entre les groupes TTC. Les groupes TTC ont également été reliés aux symboles USCS.
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Shahir, Hadi, Ghassemi, Ali, Kalantar, Davoud (2025) Systematic Identification of Soil Grouping According to the TTC Standard in GEO2025. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Geotechnical Society.
@inproceedings{Shahir_GEO2025_258,
author = {{Shahir, Hadi}, {Ghassemi, Ali}, {Kalantar, Davoud}}
title = {Systematic Identification of Soil Grouping According to the TTC Standard }
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 78th Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 9th Canadian Permafrost Conference}
year = {2025}
organization = {The Canadian Geotechnical Society},
address = {Ottawa, Canada} }
title = {Systematic Identification of Soil Grouping According to the TTC Standard }
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 78th Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 9th Canadian Permafrost Conference}
year = {2025}
organization = {The Canadian Geotechnical Society},
address = {Ottawa, Canada} }
