What Lies Beneath: Case Histories of Optimized Foundation Systems for High Rise Towers Underlain by a Deep Clay Layer
Michael Diez de Aux, Jason J Crowder
In the proceedings of: GeoManitoba 2025: 78th Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 9th Canadian Permafrost ConferenceSession: Soil Mechanics & Foundations 3
ABSTRACT: In an area of eastern Toronto, housing intensification including new high-rise developments are proposed. As boreholes extend deeper to investigate rafts or caissons, a previously undiscovered layer of deep weak clay was identified. This paper presents a case study of foundation design for 30-55 storey towers in this area, and the challenges associated with foundation design for heavily loaded structures in challenging ground conditions. Foundations under consideration include spread footings, rafts, caissons designed using Bi-Directional Static Load Tests, and high capacity spread footings designed using 3D settlement modelling. The case study demonstrates the value and importance of deep subsurface investigation, as well as how collaboration with structural engineers leads to economically-efficient high-rise projects. The importance of pressuremeter testing for raft foundation design is highlighted.
RÉSUMÉ: Dans un secteur de l’est de Toronto, on propose la construction de nouveaux projets de gratte-ciel. À mesure que les forages s’approfondissent afin de permettre l’évaluation de la faisabilité de radiers ou de caissons, une couche profonde d’argile molle, jusque-là inconnue, a été mise en évidence. Cet article présente une étude de cas sur la conception de fondations pour des tours de 30 à 55 étages dans cette région, ainsi que les défis associés à la conception de fondations pour des structures fortement chargées dans des conditions de sol complexes. Les types de fondations considérés incluent des semelles superficielles, des radier généraux, des caissons conçus à l’aide d’essais de charge statique bidirectionnelle, ainsi que des semelles superficielles à haute capacité conçues à l’aide de modélisations tridimensionnelles des tassements. Cette étude de cas met en évidence la valeur et l’importance d’une investigation approfondie du sous-sol, ainsi que la manière dont la collaboration avec les ingénieurs en structure permet de réaliser des projets de grande hauteur économiquement efficients. L’importance des essais pressiométriques pour la conception des fondations sur radier y est également soulignée.
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Cite this article:
de Aux, Michael Diez, Crowder, Jason J (2025) What Lies Beneath: Case Histories of Optimized Foundation Systems for High Rise Towers Underlain by a Deep Clay Layer in GEO2025. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Geotechnical Society.
@inproceedings{Aux_GEO2025_260,
author = {{de Aux, Michael Diez}, {Crowder, Jason J}}
title = {What Lies Beneath: Case Histories of Optimized Foundation Systems for High Rise Towers Underlain by a Deep Clay Layer }
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 78th Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 9th Canadian Permafrost Conference}
year = {2025}
organization = {The Canadian Geotechnical Society},
address = {Ottawa, Canada} }
title = {What Lies Beneath: Case Histories of Optimized Foundation Systems for High Rise Towers Underlain by a Deep Clay Layer }
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 78th Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 9th Canadian Permafrost Conference}
year = {2025}
organization = {The Canadian Geotechnical Society},
address = {Ottawa, Canada} }
