The Betsiamites-Colombier slides along the St. Lawrence Estuary: linking a 7250 years BP submarine slide to a 1663 coastal landslide
Jacques Locat, Geneviève Cauchon-Voyer, Serge Leroueil, Guillaume St-Onge, Denis Demers
In the proceedings of: GeoHazards 6: 6th Canadian Geohazards ConferenceSession: Keynote Lectures
ABSTRACT: The case of the Betsiamites-Colombier slides is one of the large submarine mass movements in Canada for which some detailed geotechnical investigations were also undertaken, largely because of the slide extension onto the coastal area. It resulted from at least two major slide events which mobilized an estimated total volume of 2000 million m3 (2 km3) of sediments. Linkage between offshore and onshore geophysical investigations with borehole data and in situ testing allows reconstruction of the architecture of the Betsiamites River delta area and leads to the identification of the main failure events. A first landslide dated at 7250 cal BP mobilized a volume of 1300 million m3 over an area of 54 km2: the Betsiamites submarine slide event. It prepared the ground for the second major slide event of February 5th 1663 slide: the Colombier slide. This slide involved four successive failure phases: one submarine (flow) and three subaerial (two flowslides and a spread), for a total volume of about 530 million m3 over an area of 20 km2. The Colombier landslide event is among the largest documented historic landslides in Canada. The presence of submarine scars, left by the early Holocene event, acted as predisposition factors for the development of the failure while the earthquake of 1663 probably was the main triggering of the Colombier slide.
RÉSUMÉ: Le cas des glissements de Betsiamites-Colombier constitue l’un des plus grands glissements pour lequel une étude géotechnique détaillée existe, rendue possible parce que ce glissement implique aussi une partie terrestre. Cette grande signature est le résultat de deux glissements de terrain totalisant un volume total de sédiment de 2000 millions de m3 (2 km3). Le lien entre les investigations géophysiques marines et terrestres ainsi que les données de forages ont permis la reconstruction des principaux événements. Un premier glissement, daté de 7250 cal BP a mobilisé un volume total de 1300 millions de m3 sur une superficie de 54 km2 : l’événement de Betsiamites. Cet événement a de plus préparé le terrain pour le deuxième qui s’est produit le 5 février 1663 : l’événement de Colombier. Cet événement comprend quatre phases dont une marine (coulée) et trois subaériennes (2 coulées et un étalement) pour un volume total de 530 millions de m3 sur une superficie de 20 km2. Le glissement de Colombier est un des plus grands glissements historiques qui ait été documenté. La présence d’escarpements sous-marins, laissés par l’événement holocène, a agi comme facteur de prédisposition pour le glissement de Colombier alors que le séisme de 1663 en aurait probablement été le déclencheur principal.
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Locat, Jacques, Cauchon-Voyer, Geneviève, Leroueil, Serge, St-Onge, Guillaume, Demers, Denis (2014) The Betsiamites-Colombier slides along the St. Lawrence Estuary: linking a 7250 years BP submarine slide to a 1663 coastal landslide in GeoHazards6. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Geotechnical Society.
@inproceedings{Locat_GeoHazards6_204,
author = {{Locat, Jacques}, {Cauchon-Voyer, Geneviève}, {Leroueil, Serge}, {St-Onge, Guillaume}, {Demers, Denis}}
title = {The Betsiamites-Colombier slides along the St. Lawrence Estuary: linking a 7250 years BP submarine slide to a 1663 coastal landslide }
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Geohazards Conference}
year = {2014}
organization = {The Canadian Geotechnical Society},
address = {Ottawa, Canada} }
title = {The Betsiamites-Colombier slides along the St. Lawrence Estuary: linking a 7250 years BP submarine slide to a 1663 coastal landslide }
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Geohazards Conference}
year = {2014}
organization = {The Canadian Geotechnical Society},
address = {Ottawa, Canada} }
